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Influence of Two Different Interfaces for Noninvasive Ventilation Compared to Invasive Ventilation on the Mechanical Properties and Performance of a Respiratory System: Measurements of Time Delay
To simulate spontaneous breathing, we used a modified lung model (LS1500; Drager Medical). This lung model consists of an electrically driven pneumatic lung simulator that allows the adjustment of tidal volume, RR, compliance, and resistance. To analyze the effect of the different interfaces on trigger sensitivity, effort, and the resulting PTPs, we defined three phases […]
Influence of Two Different Interfaces for Noninvasive Ventilation Compared to Invasive Ventilation on the Mechanical Properties and Performance of a Respiratory System: Equipment
CPAP and NPSV were performed with a helmet (Starmed Castar R; Mirandola; Modena, Italy) or a face mask (King Systems Corporation; Noblesville, IN) put on a glass head that was connected to a lung model (Fig 1). The Castar R Helmet (size medium) has an internal volume of 7.5 L with inflated cuffs. When the […]
Influence of Two Different Interfaces for Noninvasive Ventilation Compared to Invasive Ventilation on the Mechanical Properties and Performance of a Respiratory System
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is increasingly used ’ in the treatment of acute and chronic respiratory failure and during weaning from invasive ventilation. NIV has been applied in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, severe cardiogenic pulmonary edema, or acute exacerbation of COPD in order to decrease the need and the complications of endotracheal intubation. other […]
Prospective Study of the Diagnostic Accuracy of the Simplify D-dimer Assay for Pulmonary Embolism in Emergency Department Patients: Conclusion
However, this may not occur in real practice. For example, in the present study, although the Canadian score < 2 produced a pretest probability of 2.9%, the actual measured posttest probability of PE was 1.2% (95% CI, 0.8 to 2.0%). In our population, the < 1.0% posttest probability objective was met only when a negative […]
Prospective Study of the Diagnostic Accuracy of the Simplify D-dimer Assay for Pulmonary Embolism in Emergency Department Patients: Discussion
Figure 3 shows the plot of the likelihood ratio as a function of prevalence (R2 = 0.006 with t test on slope yielding p = 0.85; power to detect a significant correlation of 29%). The Pearson correlation coefficient observed for the plot of sensitivity vs prevalence yielded R2 = 0.20, with p = 0.27 from […]
Prospective Study of the Diagnostic Accuracy of the Simplify D-dimer Assay for Pulmonary Embolism in Emergency Department Patients: Results
The d-dimer assay was performed on 2,302 patients enrolled from October 1, 2001, until June 30, 2004. Clinical characteristics of the study population are shown in Table 1. PE was diagnosed in 108 patients (4.7%; 95% CI, 3.6 to 5.6%). Figure 1 shows the flow diagram of diagnostic imaging relevant to PE. One thousand two […]
Prospective Study of the Diagnostic Accuracy of the Simplify D-dimer Assay for Pulmonary Embolism in Emergency Department Patients: Criterion Standard
Imaging was performed according to a flow diagram posted in the ED. The primary pulmonary vascular imaging study was CT angiography of the chest and venography of the legs, performed and interpreted as we have previously described. Patients who were allergic to iodinated contrast or had a serum creatinine measurement > 1.5 mg/dL underwent ventilation-perfusion […]